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Objective@#To explore the related factors of myopia among children and adolescents in Yunnan Province, and to predict and evaluate the influencing factors, so as to provide a scientific theoretical basis for the prevention and control of myopia.@*Methods@#From March 9 to 14, 2023, 848 students from 6 primary and secondary schools in Dali and Lijiang of Yunnan Province were selected by multi stage stratified random cluster sampling method for visual acuity detection and questionnaire survey on myopia related factors. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to establish a Nomogram prediction model for the selected influencing factors.@*Results@#The overall myopia rate of the respondents was 68.3%, the myopia rate of boys (63.4%) was lower than that of girls (72.9%), and the myopia rate of primary school students (46.7%) was lower than that of junior high school students (81.1%), and the difference was statistically significant（ χ 2=8.71, 108.07, P <0.05). Daily eye exercises, activities outside the teaching building during recess, having daily sleep time of 7-9 and >9 h, having both parents without myopia were negatively correlated with the occurrence of myopia in children and adolescents in Yunnan Province ( OR=0.64, 0.63, 0.56, 0.28, 0.48, P < 0.05 ). The reading and writing time after school ≥3 h per day and parents unrestricted time to play video games were positively correlated with myopia ( OR=1.94, 1.78, P <0.05). Based on the influencing factors, a Nomogram prediction model was established to quantitatively evaluate the risk of myopia. The results showed that greater risk for myopia was associated with sleep duration, parental history of myopia, and the time spent reading and writing after school every day.@*Conclusion@#Both genetic factors and environmental factors are related to myopia in children and adolescents. The prediction model of nomogram is beneficial for screening high risk factors of myopia and taking corresponding prevention and treatment measures.
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Results and Conclusion:The core diagnostical terms of communication disorder for children include Primary Pragmatic Language Impairment of Developmental Language Disorder, Communication, Communicating-Receiving, and Communicating-Production, etc. Communication disorder is a typical disorder of limited social interaction and a typical manifestation of developmental retardation for children, named Developmental Language Disorder Main Companion Pragmatic Language Impairment (6A01.22), subclass of Developmental Language Disorder (6A01). Communication disorders involve in speech-related body structures and functions, activity and participation, environmental factors and personal factors; such as communication (d3), including communicating-receiving (d310-d329), communicating-production (d330-d349), conversation and use of communication devices and techniques (d350-d369), and health-related behaviors. The structured framework of rehabilitation intervention involves in body function and structure, activity and participation, environmental factors and personal factors; includes assessment, training and treatment, educational counseling, and psychological and social support. Objective:To explore the definition and core terminology of communication disorders for children, establish the diagnostic criteria and functional assessment criteria of communication disorder, and develop a holistic rehabilitation solution for it based on International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision (ICD-11), International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (Children and Youth version) (ICF-CY) and International Classification of Health Interventions (ICHI). Methods:Core definition and terminology of communication disorder were analysed with ICD-11, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-V (DSM-V). The diagnostical criteria of communication disorders for children were analyzed using the ICD-11. The functioning diagnostical criteria of communication disorders for children were explored using ICF-CY. A holistic rehabilitation solution was developed based on ICF-CY and ICHI.
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This article summarized an overview of the 40 years development of rehabilitation for children in China and its major progress and achievements in an objective and comprehensive manner, mainly around the following four aspects: historic evolution, academic activities and achievements, international communication and cooperation, as well as challenges and prospects. It also puts forward the challenges and problems to be solved in the rehabilitation for children in China.
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BACKGROUND:With the increasing demands on the aesthetics of dentures, non-metal clasp dentures (also known as concealed dentures or flexible dentures) that are made of injection-molded thermoplastic denture base resins, have been popularized in the dental field due to their excellent aesthetic performance, good flexibility and biocompatibility. OBJECTIVE:To review the types, properties and clinical applications of injection-molded thermoplastic denture base resins. METHODS:The first author searched PubMed, Wiley, Springer, OVID, ScienceDirect, Google and CNKI databases for relevant articles published from January 1955 to April 2017 using the key words of "polyamide AND denture, thermoplastic denture base resin, non-metal clasp denture, nylon, flexible denture" in English and Chinese, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:There are five main types of injection-molded thermoplastic denture base resins used as denture materials, including polyamides, polycarbonates, polyesters, acrylics and polypropylenes, which have good elasticity, suitability, beauty and biocompatibility and can be widely used in the dental field. However, further improvement in the performance of injection-molded thermoplastic denture base resins is warranted, including unstable coloring, bacteria adhesion and difficulty in material polishing and relining.
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BACKGROUND:The development of nanostructured bioactive glasses that are a popular material for oral tissue regeneration provides a better choice for dental tissue regeneration. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the research progress of nanostructured bioactive glasses in the field of oral tissue regeneration by reviewing relevant domestic and foreign literatures. METHODS: With the key words of "bioactive glass, nanostructure, mesoporous" in Chinese and English, we performed a computer-based search in CNKI and PubMed database for relevant articles published from January 2000 to March 2017. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Nanostructured bioactive glasses have better bioactivity, degradation, drug-loading capability and antibacterial property compared with traditional bioactive glasses. Addition of various ions, such as magnesium, zinc, strontium, copper, silver, can further improve the physiochemical and biological properties of nanostructured bioactive glasses. A variety of methods, including sol-gel, template-directed synthesis, microemulsion, flame spray and 3D printing, have been performed to fabricate nanostructured bioactive glasses, among which, 3D printing may be an ideal method in the future. Studies on nanostructured bioactive glasses are still at in vitro and animal experimental levels, though they have been confirmed to be used in regeneration of maxillofacial bone and tooth. Considering that there are still no relevant clinical reports, further investigations are needed to verify its clinical effects and safety.
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BACKGROUND: As a special source of stem cells, dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) make much progress in the development of tissue engineering field due to their high proliferation and self-renewal ability. In the certain conditions DPSCs can be induced to differentiate into a variety of specialized tissue cells, providing a new way for tissue engineering development. OBJECTIVE: To review the main progress in the DPSCs biological characteristics, original source, isolation method, and its related application in tissue engineering research. METHODS: "Dental pulp stem cell, differentiation, regenerative medicine, tissue engineering" in English and Chinese were termed as the keywords to search relevant articles about DPSCs and tissue engineering published from 2005 to 2017 in PubMed, Medline, WanFang, and CNKI databases. After removal of repetitive or irrelevant articles, 66 articles were finally reviewed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: With the development of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, the effective combination of DPSCs and tissue engineering scaffolds have be further achieved. Recent studies on DPSCs focus on the properties of DPSCs differentiating into odontoblasts and osteocytes/osteoblasts and on the potential of nerve repair, vascular remodeling, corneal reconstruction and chondrogenic differentiation.
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BACKGROUND:Bio-Oss bone substitutes have been shown to prevent bone resorption by slowing bone resorption,reducing bone resorption,and restoring the height of the alveolar ridge.However,most clinical studies focus on the efficacy within 1-3 months.OBJECTIVE:To compare the effects of two kinds of bone substitutes on the height of alveolar ridge and the periodontal tissue health status after implantation into the extraction socket of the wisdom tooth.METHODS:Forty patients with impacted mandibular teeth were randomly divided into two groups:Bio-Oss Collagen material was implanted in experimental group (n=20),and Bio-Oss bone replacement materials in control group (n=20).Cone-beam CT was retrospectively reviewed at 1,3 and 12 months after implantation.Alveolar bone height,bone changes and the second molars mobility were examined.Meanwhile,healing status of tooth extraction and gingival mucosa as well as the material spills were observed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) At 1 month after implantation,the gingival mucosa of both groups healed well without swelling.There was no spillover in the experimental group,while there were two cases of bone material spill in the control group.No tissues generated in the extraction socket and tooth loosening was observed in both groups.(2) At 3 months after implantation,the materials gradually degraded with no swelling and with generation of partial bone tissues in the experimental group,and the tooth mobility was improved.In the control group,there was also no swelling in the gums,and the materials degraded partially,but there was no presence of new bone and no improvement in the tooth mobility.(3) At 12 months after implantation,there was no swelling in the gums of the experimental group,obvious new bone tissues formed in the second molar with the presence of bone trabecula.The new bone tissues were integrated with the surrounding bone tissues.The crest of the alveolar ridge was located about 3 mm below the enamel cementum,the tooth mobility was restored to the level before extraction,and the chewing function recovered.In the control group,there was no swelling in the gums,and new bone tissues formed in the distal part of the molar,but the trabecular arrangement was not aligned.The crest of the alveolar was located about 3 mm below the enamel cementum,the tooth mobility returned to the pre-extraction level,and the chewing function was normal.(4) The height of the alveolar bone at 1 and 3 months after implantation was significantly higher in the experimental group than the control group (P ＜ 0.01),while there was no significant difference between the two groups at 12 months after implantation.To conclude,implantation of Bio-Oss Collagen immediately after removal of the impacted wisdom tooth of the mandible is beneficial to alveolar bone height and bone quality recovery,and significantly improves the periodontal health of the second molar,but the long-term effect needs further observation.
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Objective To analyze the characteristics of pain in children with spastic and dyskinetic cerebral palsy,and to explore the influence of pain on the functional independence and rehabilitation. Methods A self-made Pain Questionnaire for Children with Cerebral Palsy was used to conduct a questionnaire survey on 125 children who were diagnosed as spastic and dyskinetic cerebral palsy from January to October,2017,and the returned questionnaires were analyzed.According to the pain questionnaires,the subjects were divided into pain group(n=40)and no pain group(n=85).Then,15 cases of spastic cerebral palsy and 15 cases of dyskinetic cerebral palsy were selected in each group.Both of them received routine rehabilitation.They were assessed with Gross Motor Function Measure-88(GMFM-88),Fine Motor Function Measure(FMFM)and Wee Functional In-dependence Measure(WeeFIM),and the adductor angle,popliteal angle and foot dorsiflexion angle were record-ed before,and four weeks and eight weeks after treatment. Results The pain characteristics of spastic and dyskinetic cerebral palsy were different.Four weeks and eight weeks af-ter treatment,all the indexes improved in both groups(P<0.01).There was no significant difference in all the in-dexes before and four weeks after treatment between two groups (t<1.732, P>0.05), however, all the indexes were significantly better in the no pain group than in the pain group eight weeks after treatment (t>2.119, P<0.05). Conclusion The pain characteristics are different in children with spastic and dyskinetic cerebral palsy.The pain may af-fect their rehabilitation and functional independence.
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AlM: To explore the judgment of pattern reversal visual evoked potential on visual function and injured part of children with spastic cerebral palsy.METHODS: There were two groups in this study. 30 children with spastic cerebral palsy ( quadriplegia: 15, diplegia:15) were selected as observation group, while 30 normal children were selected as control group with randomized controlled trial. The changes of half-view and full- view incubation period and amplitude were observed by pattern reversal visual evoked potential.RESULTS: Full-view pattern reversal visual evoked potential: the P100 incubation period of the observation group was 113. 55 ± 8. 14ms, and the P100 amplitude was 23. 08±15. 41μV. The P100 incubation period of the control group was 105. 05 ± 5. 58ms, and the P100 amplitude was 31. 65±7. 37μV. From the comparison on P100 incubation and P100 amplitude between two groups, the difference was statistically significant ( P0. 05). Compared to the control group, each eye and each view latency of observation group were higher, the difference was statistically significant ( P<0. 05). The change of the incubation period of the full-view and half - view pattern reversal visual evoked potential took place in the lesion of the visual pathway:including optic neuropathy, some optic nerve lesion, lesion after optic chiasma, and optic chiasma lesion. Among them, the lesion after the optic chiasma was the most common.CONCLUSlON:Pattern reversal visual evoked potential can help people to understand the visual impairment and injury of children with spastic cerebral palsy in order to identify the abnormal children and early intervention.
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To collect small molecule drugs and their drug target data such as enzymes, ion channels, G-protein-coupled receptors and nuclear receptors from KEGG database as the training sets, in order to establish drug-target interaction models based on the random forest algorithm. The accuracies of the models were evaluated by the 10-fold cross-validation test, showing that the predicted success rates of the four drug target models were 71.34%, 67.08%, 73.17% and 67.83%, respectively. The models were adopted to predict the targets of 26 chemical components and establish the compound-target-disease network. The results were well verified by literatures. The models established in this paper are highly accurate, and can be used to discover potential targets in other traditional Chinese medicine ingredients.
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Humans , Algorithms , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Pharmacology , Gene Regulatory Networks , Ligusticum , Chemistry , Molecular Targeted Therapy , Rhizome , ChemistryABSTRACT
The selection of pre-embryos for transferred is based on morphological appearance. But some poor quality cleaved embryos also can be cultured to the blastocyst stage and implanted. To assess the clinical pregnancy outcomes of blastocyst transfer which developed from poor quality embryos. A total of 109 cleaved embryos with poor quality were cultured to day 5/day 6 and 27 [24.8%] blastocysts were collected from the 15 cycles/patients undergoing conventional IVF. All the blastocysts were cooling with fast-freezing. Then the blastocysts were warmed for transfer. All of 25 vitrified blastocysts [92.6%] survived after warming and were transferred to 15 patients. Five of the women became pregnant. Our results suggest that vitrified human day 5/day 6 blastocyst transfer which develop from poor quality embryo at day 3 can contribute to increasing cumulative pregnancy rates in assisted reproduction
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OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect and expression of the vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in organs of rats died of anaphylactic shock.@*METHODS@#The models of anaphylactic shock in rats were made and the immunohistochemistry of SABC was used to detect as follows: (1) The expression of VCAM-1 in rat lung, heart, brain, kidney, liver, spleen, stomach and intestine. (2) VCAM-1 levels in lungs at 10 min, 30 min after the allergic shock, and the time of death. (3) VCAM-1 levels in lungs of rats after the intervention of anti-VCAM-1.@*RESULTS@#After the death, the expression VCAM-1 in lungs increased significantly relative to the control group and followed the extension of shock. In the rats which were injected with the anti-VCAM-1, the expression of VCAM-1 in lungs reduced.@*CONCLUSION@#(1) The expression of VCAM-1 shows difference in the various organs of rats after anaphylactic shock. The change of VCAM-1 is the most obvious in lungs and would increase followed the extension of anaphylactic shock. (2) After the anaphylactic shock, anti-VCAM-1 can inhibit the expression of VCAM-1 in rat lung.
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Animals , Female , Male , Rats , Anaphylaxis/pathology , Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use , Brain/metabolism , Disease Models, Animal , Immunohistochemistry , Kidney/metabolism , Lung/metabolism , Random Allocation , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Time Factors , Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/metabolismABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the changes of bone mineral density (BMD) and biomechanical properties of the femur after ipsilateral tibia fracture in rats, and its relationship with the tibia fracture union. Methods Forty 3-month-old female SD rats were divided into 2 groups randomly and evenly: the surgery group and the control group. The surgery group received middle shaft fracture and fixation surgery on the right tibia. BMD of the right femur was measured both before the surgery and at 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th, 10th, 12th week after the surgery, respectively. Ten rats in the surgery group and ten rats in the control group were executed at 6th and 12th week after the surgery, respectively, to test the biomechanical properties of their right tibia and femur. Results The radiological union rate and mechanical union rate of the tibia were 50% and 70%, respectively, at 6th week after the surgery, and those at 12th week after the surgery were both 100%. At 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th week after the surgery, BMD of the right femur in the surgery group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, there was no statistical difference in BMD of the right femur at 10th, 12th week after the surgery. Biomechanical properties of the right tibia and femur at 6th week after the surgery showed obviously worse than those at 12th week after the surgery (P<0.05). Analysis showed that the fracture union was highly related with mechanical properties of the tibia (P<0.01), which was also highly related with BMD and mechanical properties of the femur (P<0.001). Conclusions In the early stage of tibia fracture, disuse osteoporosis might occur due to the decrease of BMD and worse mechanical properties in the ipsilateral femur, but as the tibia fracture united, BMD and biomechanical properties of the femur became normal again.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To translate the original English version of the child perception questionnaire (CPQ(11-14)) into Chinese version and to test the psychometric properties of the Chinese version in order to use among the Chinese children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The original English version of CPQ(11-14) was translated into Chinese, and pre-tested and cross-cultural adapted. Subsequently, the Chinese version with a general questionnaire was administered to 218 children aged from 11 to 14, clinical data on caries status and malocclusion were collected through oral health examination.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Test-retest reliability was substantial (r=0.82, P<0.001). Cronbach's alpha of the translated scale was 0.79. The 16 items were divided into five domains by factor analysis. There was certain logical relation between the items in the same domains. There was highly significant association between perceived oral health status, perceived impact to quality of life by oral health and CPQ(11-14) score (P<0.0005). Significant relationships were identified between caries status and CPQ(11-14) scores (P<0.001), and between malocclusion and CPQ(11-14) scores in middle-school-group (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The translated Chinese version of CPQ(11-14) demonstrated good reliability and validity. Its good psychometric properties provide the theoretical evidence for further use in Chinese population. It is available for use by researchers in oral health related quality of life studies in Chinese children.</p>
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Adolescent , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Dental Caries , Language , Malocclusion , Oral Health , Psychometrics , Quality of Life , Reproducibility of Results , Surveys and Questionnaires , TranslatingABSTRACT
Objective To observe the effect of early intervention on the oligodendrocyte-myelin glycoprotein(OMgp) mRNA expression of brain injury neonatal rats caused by intrauterine infection.Methods 1.Twenty-eight Wistar pregnant rats were randomly divided into 2 groups:lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-treated group and saline control group.Pregnant rats were consecutively injected with LPS (450 ?g?kg-1) or saline on the 18th gestation age.After birth,the placentas were taken out and made HE staining to observe intrauterine infection.2.Thirty neonatal rats in the saline control group and 55 rats in the LPS-treated group were randomly selected which were divided into intervention group (n=25) and no-intervention group (n=25).The second post-natal day (P2) rats in intervention group were treated by early touch and enriched environment.The neonatal rats in the no-intervention group and saline control group were fed in a routine way.Five cases of P1 rats were selected respectively from the LPS-treated group and saline control group,and brain tissue pathological section was made to observe the condition of brain injury.3.Five cases of P1,P3,P7,P28 and P42 rats were selected from the saline control group,intervention group and no-intervention group to detect the OMgp mRNA expression levels by using the real time polymerase chain reaction me-thod.Results 1.There were a great number of neurophilic granulocytes in the placentas in the LPS-treated group.2.Brain tissue pathological of P1 in the saline control group had complete substantia alba structure,ordered disposition and lightly stained clear chromatospherite.While in the LPS-treated group, there existed brain tissue looseness,colloid cell aggregation and oligodendrocyte cytoreduction in the position of substantia alba,callositas and capsula interna.Intraventricular hemorrhage,substantia alba blood vessel dilatation and blood capillary angiorrhexis and hemorrhage could also be found.3.There was a higher increase in OMgp mRNA expressions of brain tissue in the LPS-treated group at P1,P3,P7,P28,P42 than those in the saline control group (Pa
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Objective To explore the effect of early enriched environment intervention on expression of neurofilament protein (NFP) in brain and the neurobehavior of filial rats with brain injury.Methods The pregnant Wistar rats of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group were consecutively injected intraperitoneally with LPS on the 17th and 18th day of gestation while the control group only received an injection of same dose of 9 g/L saline.All premature rats,whose gestational age was less than 22 days,were removed from both groups;While the full-term newborn rats were chosen.After delivering,the uterus and placenta were taken out immediately to examine the infection situation by HE staining.Twenty-four hours after born,the brains of the newborn rats were taken out to observed the white matter damage by HE staining.LPS group was randomly divided into 2 groups:intervention group and non-intervention group.The intervention group was treated with neonatal handling and enriched environment from postnatal 8 days,while no management was performed in control group and non-intervention group.Ethological examination was tested with hanging test,and immunohistochemical technique was used to detect the expression of NFP,when the neonatal rats were 21 days old.Results There were a large amount of neutrophilic granulocyte in the uterus and placenta in LPS-treated group; In the 1-day-old rats in LPS group,brain tissue pathology test showed diffuse white matter lucencies.The scores of hanging test in control group was the highest,the ones in non-intervention group was the lowest among the 3 groups,and there was significant difference between them (Pa
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Objective To observe the effect of acupuncture on cerebral glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)expression of brain injury caused by intrauterine infection in neonatal rats.Methods Forty-three Wistar pregnant rats were divided into 2 groups:lipopolysaccharide(LPS)(n=35)and normal saline(n=8).Pregnant rats were consecutively injected intraperitoneally with LPS(450 ?g/kg)or saline on gestation 17 d and 18 d.LPS group were randomly divided into acupuncture group and model group.Acupuncture group were given acupunctured from 7 d to 21 d.GFAP expression was assayed with immunohistochemical technique.Results The number of GFAP immunoreaction(IR)strongly-positive neurons in the cerebral white matter was more in acupuncture group,less in model group and only very weakly IR-positive neurons were found in normal saline group.Conclusion Acupuncture can up-regulate the expression of GFAP in the cerebral white matter,which may contribute to the effect of acupuncture in improving brain injury caused by intrauterine infection.
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Objective To explore the changes of S-100 protein(S-100) levels in blood in newborn rats with bilirubin encephalopathy.Methods The model was established by administered bilirubin intraperitoneally(200 mg/kg) in newborn rats.The blood and brains samples were taken from 8 rats at the sequential time points of 6,12,24,48,72 and 96 h after the model established.Eight normal rats were used as the control.The dynamic changes of S-100 were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) and immunohistochemical technique.Results S-100 significantly increased in blood of bilirubin encephalopathy newborn rats compared with controls(P
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@#ObjectiveTo study the effect of facilitation antagonism acu-therapy in early rehabilitation of patients with cerebral thrombosis.Methods60 patients with cerebral thrombosis were divided randomly into two groups, Group A received facilitation antagonism acu-therapy, Group B received traditional acu-therapy. Fugl-meyer(FMA), MBI, etc were applied to assess effect before and after treatment.ResultsBoth groups had a great improvement after treatment(P<0.01).The effect in Group A was better than that in Group B compared in two groups (P<0.01 or P<0.05).ConclusionThere is effective in early rehabilitation of patients with cerebral thrombosis using facilitation antagonism acu-therapy.It is better than traditional acu-therapy.
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Objective To observe the dynamic changes of neuron-specific enolase(NSE)mRNA and protein in offspring rats brain tissue with bilirubin encephalopathy and explore the pathological mechanism and its diagnostic value on bilirubin encephalopathy.Methods Seven-day postnatal Wistar rats were used for study.One hundred and twenty rats were divided into 2 groups randomly(control group and experimental group),which were respectively subdivided into 6 groups(6,12,24,48,72,96 h).The rats in control group were intraperitoneally administered physiological saline 0.5 mL,the rats in experimental groups were intraperitoneally administered bilirubin(200 mg/kg).Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze the dynamic changes of NSE mRNA expression at 6,12,24,48,72 and 96 h in brain tissue of rats with bilirubin encephalopathy.Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate NSE protein expression in hippo-campi,cerebral cortex,thalamic and pallidus at different times.Results The expression of NSE mRNA significantly decreased in brain tissue of rats with bilirubin encephalopathy from 6 h to 96 h compared with the control groups.The expression of NSE protein in hippocampi decreased in offspring rats with bilirubin encephalopathy from 6 h to 96 h,but there were no differences compared with the control groups.The expression of NSE protein in cerebral cortex was significantly decreased in rats with bilirubin encephalopathy from 6 h to 96 h,there were significant differences compared with the control group.The expression of NSE protein in thalamic significantly decreased in rats with bilirubin encephalopathy from 6 h to 96 h,but there were significant differences between experimental groups and the control groups at 24 h and 72 h.The expression of NSE protein in pallidus significantly decreased in offspring rats with bilirubin encephalopathy from 6 h to 96 h,and there were significant differences compared with control groups.Conclusions The changing trends of expression of NSE mRNA were identical to those of NSE protein.NSE may reflect the degree of injury of neurogliocyte.It can serve as reliable index to determine bilirubin encephalopathy.